Bridges and Barriers: The Lake Superior Borderlands

This paper investigates the Canada–US borderlands relationship along the two geographic corridors as bounded by Lake Superior: Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario–Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan and Thunder Bay, Ontario–Duluth, Minnesota. Borderland communities—driven by their shared cultural characteristics (ethnicity, language,religion)—are said to challenge the border as a dividing device and undermine the very essence of international borders. Moreover, borderlands regions are dynamic and overlapping, providing the first point of contact and interaction between nations. Our results depict inherent differences between these particular border regions, with each illustrating characteristics that both connect and divide. Despite the passage of time and both countries’ determined efforts to make the passage safe and less demanding, the peoples in these border regions perceive a continuing frustration with crossing the border and connecting to the people on the other side of the border

Canada–US Border Communities: What the People Have to Say

This paper investigates the Canada-U.S. borderlands relationship along the two geographic corridors as bounded by Lake Superior: Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario–Sault Ste. Marie, Michigan and Thunder Bay, Ontario–Duluth, Minnesota. Borderland communities—driven by their shared cultural characteristics (ethnicity, language, religion)—are said to challenge the border as a dividing device and undermine the very essence of international borders. Moreover, borderlands regions are dynamic and overlapping, providing the first point of contact and interaction between nations. We use interviews of over 200 people living in these borderlands regions to investigate the cross-border relationships of Canada-U.S. border communities. We find that despite the challenges of crossing the border, these communities retain a strong sense of shared values

Differences That Matter: Canada, the United States and Environmental Policymaking

Does the way Canada, as a nation state, approach international environmental policymaking make a difference with respect to solving environmental problems in the Americas? We argue that it does, and it is a difference that matters. Canadian efforts toward multilateralism and toward inclusiveness (e.g., willingness to work with weaker nations) serve as a counter balance to the growing unilateralism and ever present exceptionalism of the United States, currently the most powerful country in the world, and Canada’s southern neighbor and regional partner in developing environmental policy that affects the northern Americas directly and all of the Americas indirectly. Our argument is made first generally, and then specifically using involvement and reaction to the goals set out by the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC), where, along with Mexico, Canada and the United States play leading roles. The basic contention of this paper is that the vision for and goals of the CEC are much more aligned with the way Canada perceives the way international environmental policymaking should be implemented, and that by fostering that vision, Canada tries to counter the tendency of the present-day United States administration to go at it alone, and thereby provides a linkage to other countries in the Americas to position themselves for participation in regional environmental policymaking

Comparison of Biodegradable, Plastic and Wodden Imidacloprid-Treated Spheres for Control of Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae) Flies

In experiments comparing biodegradable, plastic and wooden imidacloprid-treated spheres for control of Rhagoletis mendax Curran, the mean number of flies caught on plexiglas panes below each sphere type was not significantly different for the entire season. However, the mean time spent by R. mendax flies alighting on biodegradable imidacloprid-treated spheres was significantly greater (2.6×) than plastic imidacloprid-treated spheres. During 2001, significantly fewer larvae were found in blueberries harvested from bushes that had wooden imidacloprid-treated spheres hung within the canopy compared with bushes where biodegradable and plastic imidacloprid-treated spheres were deployed. There was no significant difference between the number of larvae found in berries picked from bushes where biodegradable or plastic spheres were deployed. All imidacloprid-treated sphere treatments were found to significantly reduce blueberry maggot larval infestation in fruit compared with the control

Empires and Percolation: Stochastic Merging of Adjacent Regions

We introduce a stochastic model in which adjacent planar regions $A, B$ merge stochastically at some rate $\lambda(A,B)$, and observe analogies with the well-studied topics of mean-field coagulation and of bond percolation. Do infinite regions appear in finite time? We give a simple condition on $\lambda$ for this {\em hegemony} property to hold, and another simple condition for it to not hold, but there is a large gap between these conditions, which includes the case $\lambda(A,B) \equiv 1$. For this case, a non-rigorous analytic argument and simulations suggest hegemony.Comment: 13 page

Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Kepemimpinan sebagai Strategi Pengembangan Sumberdaya Aparatur untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja (suatu Kajian di Pemerintahan Daerah Kabupaten Ketapang)

Local autonomous give larger opportunity for progress of local and also challenge to local performance of aparatus of local governance which still relative lower. Development of aparatus resources, which its core is education and training for aparatus, is absolutely needed in improving performance. This research was aimed to describe and analyze aparatus resources development program of the Ketapang Regency Governance, through leadership education and training and also its impact on the performance of local govern aparatus. This research using qualitative research approach. Process analysis of data follow model of analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman (1992) with interactive model, covering three path of activities that are reduce data, presentation of data and verification. Results of this research are the followings (1). Leadership education and training level IV at the Ketapang Regency still really be felt by a lot of insuffiency and constraint. Very insuffiency felt from facet of management of leadership education and training level IV is materials of its felt too wide, lack of ability of coach in creating atmosphere of class capable to make audiences interested to follow activity in class, and also medium which less be adequate (2). Target of leadership education and training level IV at the Ketapang Regency Govern not reached full yet. A lot of collegiate of leadership education and training level IV year 2003 at the Ketapang Regency Govern answered that in fact leadership education and training level the IV did not too felt can improve their ability in working. There is no reality affect of leadership education and training to improve of performance also felt by direct supervision which in this case represent direct consumer of collegiate of leadeship education and training level IV. Suggestions which can be given from this research are (1). Presumably require to be learned by about possibility of special separate institute forming handle training and education activity in govern agency of the Ketapang Regency (2). To know how far the target of leadership education and training level IV attainment which have been executed by the Ketapang Regency Government presumably require to be performed by evaluation to grad leadership education and training performance level IV. Result of evaluation to the competitor of leadership education and training also later serve the purpose of the substance for the management of leadership education and training repair in a period of coming

Critical Enhancement of the In-medium Nucleon-Nucleon Cross Section at low Temperatures

The in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section is calculated starting from the thermodynamic T-matrix at finite temperatures. The corresponding Bethe-Salpeter-equation is solved using a separable representation of the Paris nucleon-nucleon-potential. The energy-dependent in-medium N-N cross section at a given density shows a strong temperature dependence. Especially at low temperatures and low total momenta, the in-medium cross section is strongly modified by in-medium effects. In particular, with decreasing temperature an enhancement near the Fermi energy is observed. This enhancement can be discussed as a precursor of the superfluid phase transition in nuclear matter.Comment: 10 pages with 4 figures (available on request from the authors), MPG-VT-UR 34/94 accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Cocoa Butter Saturated with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Measurements and Modelling of Solubility, Volumetric Expansion, Density and Viscosity

International audienceThe use of supercritical carbon dioxide technology for lipid processing has recently developed at the expense of traditional processes. For designing new processes the knowledge of thermophysical properties is a prerequisite. This work is focused on the characterization of physical and thermodynamic properties of CO2-cocoa butter (CB) saturated mixture. Measurements of density, volumetric expansion, viscosity and CO2 solubility were carried out on CB-rich phase at 313 and 353 K and pressures up to 40 MPa. The experimental techniques have previously been compared and validated. Density measurements of CB and CB saturated with CO2, were performed using the vibrating tube technology at pressures ranging from 0.1 to 25 MPa. Experimental values correlated well with the modified Tait equation. CO2 solubility measurements were coupled to those of density in the same pressures ranges. At 25 MPa, the solubility of CO2 is 31.4 % and 28.7 % at 313 and 353 K. Phase behaviour was investigated using a view cell in order to follow the expansion of the CB-rich phase with the rise in pressure. Volumetric expansion up to 47 % was measured and correlated to the CO2 solubility. Phase inversion was observed at 313 K and 40 MPa. Lastly, we developed an innovative falling ball viscometer for high pressure measurements. Viscosity measurements were carried out up to 25 MPa showing a viscosity reduction up to 90 % upon CO2 dissolution. These results were correlated with two empirical models. A new model here presented, was favourably compared with the Grunberg and Nissan model. All the experimental results are consistent with the available literature data for the CB-CO2 mixture and other fat systems. This work is a new contribution to the characterization of physical and thermodynamic behaviour of fats in contact with CO2 which is necessary to design supercritical fluid processes for fats processing